The course covers advance understanding of the physics of band formation based on nature of atoms and crystal structure, including electronic properties of advanced semiconductor materials other than conventional semiconductor, such as Si and GaAs. The physics of carrier dynamics and optical properties of 1- dimensional, 2-dimensional compared to bulk 3-dimensional material structures, including material engineering through alloy system and dopants through quantum mechanics. The effect of defects and impurities on modulating electronic and optical material properties based on their atomic nature. The materials that will be covered include elemental semiconductors, alloy semiconductors, and wide-band gap semiconductors. Special classes of semiconductor properties of amorphous (non-crystalline effect), alloys (potential fluctuation effect) and nanostructures (quantum confinement effect) will be discussed. Understanding the physical background of different characterization techniques will be introduce.